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Achilles Tendinosis
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone. It transmits the forces of the calf muscle to the foot to allow heel lift. Injury to the tendon can be inflammatory (tendinitis) or degenerative (tendinosis).
Contributing factors
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Greater rear foot pronation
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Reduced ankle muscle strength
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Running more miles per week
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Been running for more years
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Running at faster than average pace
Symptoms
Pain or tenderness can be localized along the tendon. Stiffness may be present in the morning. Stretching or contracting the calf muscle can be painful. Running hills, speedwork, or jumping can aggravate this problem. A complete rupture of the tendon can occur if there is a sudden unexpected movement and requires immediate medical attention (surgery). There is a complete gap in the tendon and you will be unable to push off with the ankle because the calf will no longer be attached to the ankle.
Treatment
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Ice
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Rest (pool running, cycling, swimming)
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Heel lifts (reduce stress on tendon)
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Stretch calf muscles
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Eccentric (contacting muscle during stretch) heel drops
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Correct muscle imbalance (anterior and posterior lower leg muscles)
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Orthotics (correct rear foot pronation)
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Evaluate footwear
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Avoid hills
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Identify and address training errors
